Africa’s Large Informal Economy A Key Element Of Strategies To Eliminate Plastic Waste

Aug 12, 2023

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Jacques Vermeulen

Plastic waste is a growing problem globally, with up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic entering the oceans each year1. Plastic packaging is also an essential part of our modern lives, supporting efficient, safe and hygienic food value chains, among other important applications.

On a continent where food safety is an abiding concern, this means plastic packaging will continue to have a role for some time to come, and the focus must be on eliminating plastic waste.

Creating a viable circular economy for plastic waste is a key strategy to address this problem.

The circular economy promotes the re-use and recycling of products and materials, creating a closed-loop system that minimises waste and pollution. The circular economy offers a unique opportunity to address post-consumer plastic waste in Africa by keeping plastics in use and out of the environment.

Africa also has an unusually large informal economy, with the International Labour Organisation estimating in 2018 that 85.8 percent of employment on the continent is informal.2

This includes a vast network of waste pickers who collect and sort recyclable materials, creating a key component of a circular economy for plastic waste that both generates employment and reduces plastic pollution.

Integrating waste pickers into the formal waste management system, by providing training, equipment and a reliable income, can improve their working conditions and increase economic opportunities for marginalised communities.

At the same time, by reducing waste and increasing resource efficiency, the circular economy can reduce the reliance on virgin resources and create a more sustainable future for all.

This requires a significant investment in infrastructure, technology, and education. Governments, businesses, and civil society must work together to create an enabling environment for the circular economy to thrive.

This includes policies that incentivise the use of recyclable materials, regulations that require producers to take responsibility for their products’ end-of-life, and public education campaigns that raise awareness about the benefits of the circular economy.

Coca-Cola Beverages Africa (CCBA) has made a commitment to invest in our planet and our packaging, to help make the world’s packaging problem a thing of the past, working in partnership with The Coca-Cola Company which launched a sustainable packaging initiative called World Without Waste in 2018.

We are rethinking how our bottles are designed, collected, recycled and repurposed as part of our World Without Waste vision, with the following global goals:

Understanding that we can’t do this alone, we partner with like-minded bodies to shape policy and leverage our combined scale.

Poor waste disposal is everybody’s problem, so everybody needs to get involved.

One of the most valuable environmental interventions in addressing poor waste disposal and achieving circularity is setting up the right Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanisms and policies.

In the EPR model, producers pay fees to a producer responsibility organisation, or PRO, such as PETCO.

By creating value for post-consumer waste in this way, waste collectors or municipalities are incentivized to gather and return it to buyback centers, who then deliver it to the recyclers.

So far, through effective industry partnerships, we have implemented voluntary EPR models in four of our markets and helped create organizations like PETCO South Africa, in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, and soon to be established in Uganda as well.

The EPR in Ethiopia model has made it possible for PET bottle collectors and recyclers to collaborate as well as for manufacturers like CCBA Ethiopia to achieve their producer responsibilities by promoting PET bottle collecting and recycling.

We are also improving the recyclability of our packs through a strong emphasis on shifting to homogeneous and clear bottles and have made significant progress on this already.

To clean up existing packaging, we’re bringing people together through programmes like beach and river clean ups and other ongoing local activities. To encourage more people to recycle more often, we’re investing to help people understand what to recycle, how to recycle, and where to recycle.

We understand the benefits of assisting the whole collection value chain, from garbage collectors to buyback facilities and recyclers. For this reason, CCBA Ethiopia has implemented a wide range of initiatives to support the collection, segregation, and recycling of PET bottles in different areas. CCBA

Ethiopia has implemented a number of interventions to support the collection and recycling of PET bottles, including the transition from the iconic green Sprite bottle to the clear bottle that is leading the industry, a similar move by Ambo Mineral Water S.C., subsidiary of CCBA Ethiopia, the establishment of the Entoto Park Waste Collection Centre, the creation of the Ambo and Sebeta Model Collection Centres, and the implementation of 10 million ETB subsidy support for collection centers.

The opportunity to grow employment in Africa through a circular economy for plastic waste is clear. In Ethiopia alone, an approximate 5000 people benefit from collection and recycling activity that is supported by CCBA-Ethiopia.

Scaling up the EPR model across the continent will go a long way towards addressing unemployment and poverty, while also removing plastic waste from the environment.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1260352

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_626831.pdf